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Pore sexing Male Crested Geckos

8/27/2013

Many breeders refer to 'pores' when selling crested geckos or discussing gender. Pores are a black dot seen in the middle of a scale usually in a line between the back legs or girdle. If the gecko has a clear black line of pores it is a male. The pores usually show before the hemipenal bulge so they are considered to be a more accurate way of determining gender in a young creste than looking for a bulge alone. Once the crestie has 'dropped' the bulge then guesswork usually isn't necessary, but females have a small bulge so when in doubt checking for pores can help.

Terms

Line of Pores or Definite Pores Seen=Male
Maybe one pore(s)=the breeder has looked at the scales under a loupe/magnifying glass and sees something indefinite that may be a pore but the gecko is still unsexed.

Possible false pores=this one is hard for the buyer and the seller. Some females show a line of white dots that aren't true pores or indentations. But sometimes males do too.
Double Spur=refers to the spurs on either side of the bulge. Some lore has it that double spurs mean a male. That seems to be anecdotal.
Shiny Scales=some say that the indentation of the pores causes light to reflect off the male scales in pictures. There seems to be some truth to this but I've seen shiny scales on a female as well.

Close up of pores

Male bulge seen from the side

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Candling Eggs

8/10/2013

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Egg in front of the LED light on a slide out lighted 30x loupe.

What does candling mean? Candling is a term held over from the days when people used candles for light. Farmers often held a chicken egg in front of a candle to see if it was fertile. Today an LED light provides a simple way to accomplish the same thing with gecko eggs. The pictures in this article are of various crested gecko eggs in front of a small LED light on a slide-out lighted 30x loupe.

This is an image of an infertile egg. The egg is thinner, oval and not as round as a fertile egg tends to be. It also has a thinner shell with less calcium. When candled all that can be seen is a clear yellow interior.

This is a fertile egg. Note the red round dark area in the lower center of the egg. It has a red dot in the center as well. This is called the cheerio and sometimes just appears to be a single red ring. This egg is mottled on the exterior and the calcification is not even- dark blotches are on the exterior and do not have anything to do with fertility.

This is the other side of the fertile egg above. The dark marks are again on the outside of the shell and you can see the darker area in the bottom center that is thinner than the surrounding shell. Despite the marks and uneven calcification this is still a healthy egg and will likely produce a healthy hatchling. You can't see the cheerio from this angle, so it is important to turn the egg so you see both sides when candling. Just remember which side was up in the nest box so you can incubate it that way.

This is a perfectly calcified white egg with a very healthy cheerio inside. The cheerio is usually slightly left of the 'top' side of the egg if you forget to mark your eggs before you turn them.

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Ok, I have eggs. Now what?

8/8/2013

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Are you a hobbyist trying to breed crested geckos for the first time? Maybe you didn't intend to be a breeder but your female suddenly produced fertile eggs?

I'm going to hit a couple of highlights about eggs here-but this article is not intended to be comprehensive regarding breeding or incubation. Feel free to post questions.

Are your eggs fertile?

Question: If you have raised your female since she was a baby and she has always lived alone but then you come home one day to find an egg in her cage, did a crested gecko Don Juan sneak into her cage?

Nope. Geckos lay infertile eggs just like chickens and other egg laying species. The females can start laying anytime after 25 grams and should be provided a nest box so that they can lay in there if they want to. Many won't lay infertile eggs in a nest box. They lay them on the substrate instead. But giving the gecko the option keeps her from holding on to the eggs and becoming egg bound.

Question: If your female is living with a male can she become gravid even if she isn't 40 grams yet?

Yes. You should separate males and females as soon as the males 'drop'. Many people recommend having them live separately from the time they show pores.

Question: My female may have lived with a male at the pet store/breeders/my friends house but I don't have a male and she has lived alone for the last 8 months. Could her eggs be fertile?

Yes. Females can retain sperm for a year. So even though she hasn't been with a male on your watch, she could still lay fertile eggs if she was bred previously.

Question: How do I know if the eggs are fertile?

Candle them. This term is a holdover from the days when candles were used for light, but today it simply means holding the egg in front of a light source in an otherwise dim room. The easiest light source to use is an LED pen light flashlight. Hold the egg in front of it and look for a red ring that can encompass 1/4-1/3 of the top of the egg. If the egg is yellow all the way through with no red spots, veining or ring then chances are it isn't fertile. But incubate it a week and check it again because sometimes it takes a little time to develop.

Hopefully you provided your female with a nice moist nest box and she did you the honor of laying her eggs in there. The first thing you want to do is use a felt tip pen (or a pencil but don't press too hard) and mark the top of the eggs as they were laid in the box. You can write the date and mother's name or initials on there if you want too. This won't work if the eggs are poorly calcified and the shell is bumpy so just put a dot on the top under those conditions.

I prefer to wash my eggs so I can candle them and see how the shell is doing. I just rinse them off with cool water and rub the dirt off lightly with my fingers to get them clean. They will be slippery so be careful.

After washing I place them in a container with a moist hatching medium. You can use deli cups, GEO's, craft containers or any container with a lid that won't let too much air in/moisture out. If I am placing the eggs right on the medium then I dig a shallow hole and nestle the eggs in so that they won't roll around. Place them with your marked side up. They can be side by side or in individual compartments. I haven't found that it matters. If your container is air-tight you might want to poke some very small holes in it or open it once a week for some circulation.

Your eggs might look different depending on the experience, diet and health of your female. They might also be affected by the medium in the lay box-coconut bark/eco earth is well known for staining.

If they come out white and then start turning brown though chances are they are going bad. It is still worth incubating since it can be hard to tell sometimes if an egg has truly gone bad-if it is growing then it still has a chance of hatching. In the picture above the eggs were collected in the same 2 week period. The eggs that are starting to sink and turn brown are going bad. The eggs with the brown speckling however are still viable. The eggs on the left that are dented and fuzzy were most likely infertile to begin with.

Denting is not always a sign of an egg going bad. It could be that your nest box was dry or that your female laid outside of the nest box. That type of denting is due to a lack of moisture and the egg is drying out. Wash the egg off and place it into a humid incubating box and it has a chance of recovery. If your incubating medium is too dry the same thing will happen. Add water but add it as far away from the eggs as possible.

Sometimes too much water can be just as harmful as too little and humidity changes can be an issue with viability. Try to keep your humidity level inside the incubator as steady as possible. Temperatures can vary a bit-cool at night with a natural steady rise during the day is fine and mimics natural conditions. But sudden temp spikes should be avoided and can kill a batch of eggs.

As the eggs develop they will change shape and size and possibly color. Some eggs get very dark grey right before hatching. Others simply swell and tip up at the ends. Most will sweat and cause condensation to form on the top of the deli cup or incubator as they get closer to hatching. Their initial composition affects how they will change over this time.

Eggs that were poorly calcified might swell early because they are absorbing a lot of water through the shell. This can delay the growth of the hatchling and cause a longer incubation time. A poorly calcified egg also tends to be more leathery and more difficult for the hatchling to get out of. Watch this type of egg closely in the 2 weeks before you expect it to hatch (hatching time is based on temperature for crested geckos) to make sure that the baby hasn't slit the egg. Once it does you may want to help it out, but that is an individual choice. A healthy egg and hatchling rarely need this kind of intervention so I don't personally intervene with normal eggs that don't hatch. However a hatchling might be perfectly healthy and still not be able to get out of and egg that is tough and leathery egg due to poor calcification.

Hatching Time
Your incubation time will vary depending on your temperatures. Eggs can be incubated from 65-78 degrees. Most people stay in the 68-75 degree range. At the lower temps you might have as long as 130 days of incubation. At the top of the range you can have as few as 65 days. There is some evidence to suggest that staying over 80 days creates a better crest and tail structure. If your goal is to incubate for 75 days or longer your temps will need to be 75 degrees and under at the hottest part of the day.

Once your babies hatch they will need a small enclosure with hides and humidity so they can complete their first shed. Have a small Kritter Keeper or tall deli cup nearby with greenery and paper towels all ready to go. Beware though-the little hatchers are given one survival skill at birth. They are tricky. They hold very still to fool you into thinking they are dead. Then when you touch them they take off like rockets into the smallest, most awkward spot they can find. Best of luck with your hatchlings!

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Pore sexing Male Crested Geckos

Candling Eggs

Ok, I have eggs. Now what?

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